9/27/2023 0 Comments Equal pay for men and women![]() ![]() For example, in 2012, women who had worked as cooks, cleaners, catering and care staff for Birmingham City Council won compensation because they were denied bonuses which were handed out to employees in traditionally male-dominated but similar-level jobs such as refuse collectors, street cleaners, road workers and grave-diggers. Pay scales for jobs requiring similar skills, qualifications or experience tend to be lower when they are predominantly done by women. Women’s competences and skills are undervalued, so women frequently earn less than men for doing comparable jobs - that is, jobs of equal value. ![]() But because of the success of equality legislation over the years, this factor only explains a limited part of the gender pay gap. Direct discrimination explains why women sometimes still earn less than men - when women are paid less than men for doing the same job.The gender pay gap is a complex issue with many causes, which are often inter-related. The austerity measures and the changes to the labour market since 2012 (e.g., the cuts to public sector jobs, the pay freezes in the public sector, increasing use of zero hours contracts in the private sector) have contributed to the widening gender pay gap in 2013. Gender pay gap is higher when part-time workers are included because of the low hourly rates of pay in part-time work and the concentration of women in these jobs due to the occupational segregation of the labour market (for eg., 'the five C jobs' are mostly done by women - cleaning, cashiering, caring, clerical work and childminding - and these jobs are poorly paid). This means for every £1 earned by a man in the UK, a woman earned only 81p. 9% to 84.3%. For all workers – both part-time and full-time – the gender pay gap was 19.1 % in 2013, having risen from 18.6 per cent the previous year. In 2013, compared to the previous year, the average pay of women working full-time fell by. Though the gender pay gap is gradually decreasing over time, there have also been recent reversals in progress on this issue. In 2012, 64% of the lowest paid workers were women, contributing not only to women's poverty but to the poverty of their children. ![]() When part-time employees are included, the gender pay gap was 18.1% in 2016. The pay gap varies across sectors and regions, rising to up to 55% in the finance sector. In 2016, the average pay of women working full-time was only 90.6% of men’s pay. This means that compared to men, women stopped earning on the 10th November 2016 – they were effectively working for no money after this date, which is referred to as Equal Pay Day. On average, a woman working full-time in 2016 earned £5,732 less a year than a man ( Allen, 2016, Fawcett Society, 2016). The Office for National Statistics (ONS) collects data on earnings in the UK which it uses to calculate gender pay differences. The gender pay gap reduces women’s lifetime earnings and also affects their pensions - this is one of the significant causes of poverty in later life for women. This difference is expressed as a percentage of male earnings. The gender pay gap is the difference between male and female earnings.
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